Technical points and precautions of straw burying and returning to the field

According to the form of straw, it can be divided into 3 kinds of straw turning and burying, whole straw turning and burying and root stubble turning and burying.

I, the crushed straw buried in the field technical points

Straw crushing can be done by using straw crusher or combine harvester installed with straw crushing device. Regardless of which way to crush, to ensure that the quality of straw crushing, and spread evenly.

1、Choose the time to return to the field

In the case of timely harvest without affecting grain yield, while the crop stalks green and early return to the field, plowed into the soil. At this time, the moisture in the crop stalks, sugar is high, easy to crush and decomposition, quickly become organic fertilizer. If the straw is dry before returning to the field, crushing effect is poor, slow decomposition of humus; straw in the process of decay and crop competition for water, not conducive to crop growth.

2、Determine the stubble height

The stubble height of the straw return machine is realized by adjusting the gap between the blade (hammer blade) and the ground, the stubble is too high to affect the effect of turning and burying, and the stubble is too low to damage the blade, generally retaining 50 to 100 mm. Wheat combine harvester stubble height by adjusting the height of the harvesting table to control, stubble height affects the harvesting speed, some farmers in order to progress fast to stubble left very high, which is not in line with the requirements. Stubble height should be considered both the harvesting speed, but also to consider the quality of turning buried, generally take 100 to 200 millimeters is appropriate.

3, focus on straw crushing quality

Farmers should correctly select the tractor or combine harvester forward speed, to ensure that the corn stalks crushed length of about 100 millimeters, wheat or rice straw crushed length of about 50 millimeters, the length of qualified crushed straw up to 90%. If you find the leakage of cutting or long straw too much, you should carry out the second straw crushing operation to ensure the quality of field return.

4、Straw spread evenly

Avoid some places where straw is piled up into strips, and some places where there is no straw. If you find straw into piles or strips, should be manually spread, if necessary, you also need to use a disk rake to rake the straw to ensure that the quality of turning and burying.

5, to ensure the quality of burying

Plowing depth should be more than 220 mm, not deep enough will cause the straw cover is not strict, but also through the turn, pressure, cover, eliminate the straw caused by the soil “scaffolding”, so as not to affect the quality of sowing. Soil tilling needs to be rectified, so that the surface leveling, soil fine, if necessary, also need to be suppressed, to meet the requirements of sowing. Tilling more rotary tiller, disc target, suppressor, etc., the depth is generally about 100 millimeters, too deep when the soil in the straw turned out more, too shallow to achieve the effect of leveling and crushed soil.

6, to ensure the quality of mixed burial

Rotary plow mixed burial depth should be 150 ~ 200 mm, through the cut, mix, bury the straw further shredded and fully mixed with the soil, buried in the soil. Rotary plowing once the effect does not meet the requirements, there are more straw on the surface, should be the second rotary plowing. After rotary plowing can generally be directly sown, do not need to carry out the operation of land preparation.

II. The technical points of whole straw turning and burying to return to the field

1、Straw should be laid neatly along the ridge

In order to ensure the quality of turning and burying, the length direction of corn stalks must be the same as the direction of plowing, and spread evenly.

2、Improve the quality of burying

Plowing depth should be more than 300 mm, through the turn, pressure, cover, the straw cover tightly covered, eliminate the straw caused by the soil “scaffolding”. When plowing is too shallow, the crop straw cover is not tight, affecting the quality of sowing.

3, to ensure the quality of land preparation

Soil deep plowing needs to be rectified in order to meet the sowing requirements, rectification of rotary tiller, disc harrow, suppressor, etc., its depth is generally 100 ~ 120 mm, too deep when the soil straw turned out more, too shallow to achieve the effect of flattening and crushed soil. In order to avoid soil “scaffolding”, generally should be used “V” shaped suppressor and other specialized suppression operations.

III, the root stubble turning buried in the field technical points

1、Reasonable determination of stubble height

Root stubble is suitable for areas that need straw as feed, fuel and raw materials, in these areas, straw is often contradictory with other ways of use, and the relationship between straw and other uses should be coordinated. Feed, fuel and raw materials are needed and have direct economic benefits. However, it should be recognized that straw return to the field is not optional, but necessary, agriculture to sustainable development, there must be a certain amount of straw return to the field to supplement the soil organic matter. Root stubble is not an ideal practice, but a coordinated result. In some areas, root stubble is left very low, or even harvested close to the surface, and as a result, it does not serve the purpose of returning it to the field at all. Return some of the straw to the ground, short-term view of less feed, fuel and raw materials, but in the long run, the land is fertile, the ecological environment is better, higher yields, more straw, feed, fuel and raw materials can be abundant. From the need to return to the field, the general wheat straw stubble shall not be less than 200 millimeters, corn shall not be less than 300 millimeters. Straw return machine and combine harvester to control the stubble height of the same way with the crushed straw buried in the field.

2、Guarantee the quality of tilling and burying

The depth of plowing should be more than 220mm, through turning, pressure, cover, cover the straw tightly, eliminate the straw caused by the soil “scaffolding”. The soil needs to be leveled after plowing, so that the ground surface is smooth, the soil is fine, and if necessary, it needs to be suppressed to meet the requirements of sowing. More rotary tiller, disc harrow, suppressor, etc., its depth is generally about 100 millimeters.

3, to ensure the quality of mixed burial

Rotary plow mixed burial depth should be more than 150 millimeters, through cutting, mixing, turning the straw and soil fully mixed, buried in the soil. Corn stubble is relatively hard, some places first use the notched disc to climb the target once, and then rotary plowing, the effect is better. After rotary plowing can be directly sown, generally do not need to re-till.

IIII, the straw tilling and burying technology notes

1, pay attention to personal safety

There are many sets of blades with high rotational speed (more than 1,000 revolutions per minute) on the straw return machine, if the blades are loose or broken and thrown out, and the safety guard is not complete, it may jeopardize personal safety. Therefore, the operator must have legal tractor driving qualifications, to read the product manual carefully, understand the straw returner operating procedures, the use of features, precautions before operation.

2、Before operation

To investigate the ground and crop conditions, level the ridges (to avoid damage to the universal joints), remove large stones in the field (to avoid damage to the blade and injuries); to check the technical status of the straw returner, whether the blade is firmly fixed, whether the protective cover is intact, you can hook up the power with the machine; engagement of the power output shaft, slow rotation for 1 to 2 minutes, check whether the blade is loose, whether there is an abnormal sound, and the cover is not Adjust the straw returner to keep the machine leveled left and right and front and back.

3、Operation

Before starting, raise the machine to a certain height, generally 150-200mm, and rotate it from slow to fast. Pay attention to whether there are people around the unit, confirm that no one, issue a start signal, put on the work gear, slowly release the clutch, manipulate the tractor or combine harvester adjusting handle, so that the machine is moving forward and gradually drop to the required stubble height, and then add enough throttle to start normal operation. Timely clean up the tangled grass, remove the tangled grass or troubleshooting must be stopped. When there is an abnormal sound in the operation, it should be stopped and checked, and the operation can be continued only after troubleshooting. It is strictly prohibited to check the machine under the running condition. It is strictly prohibited to turn or backward with load during operation, and it is strictly prohibited to get close to or follow the machine so as not to hurt people by the debris thrown out. When transferring plots, the knife shaft rotation must be stopped.

4, after operation

Promptly remove the blade guard wall and the inner wall of the side plate on the soil layer, in order to prevent increasing the load and aggravate the blade wear. When the blade is worn and must be replaced, pay attention to maintaining the balance of the knife shaft. Individual replacement should try to symmetrical replacement, a large number of replacement will be graded according to the weight of the blade, the same weight of the blade can be mounted on the same shaft, to maintain the dynamic balance of the machine.

5、Whether to apply more nitrogen fertilizer to the straw

Nitrogen is consumed in the process of straw decomposition, however, nitrogen will be released after decomposition. Therefore, if the soil is more fertile, or has been applied nitrogen fertilizer, you do not need to apply more nitrogen fertilizer. However, if the soil is relatively poor, the beginning of the implementation of straw return 1 ~ 2 years, you can increase the appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer, accelerate the decomposition of straw, to prevent the occurrence of fertilizer competition with the crop after the contradiction.

6, rotary plowing mixed burial operations early

Rotary plowing mixed burial operations need to be carried out a week before sowing, so that the soil has back to solid time to improve the quality of sowing. Paddy field area of rice straw or straw to use water to soak the field, the straw and soil soaking soft, and then mixed burial.