Technical specifications for agricultural machinery operations I. Plowing operations

      The thickness of the edge of the plowshare shall not exceed 2mm, the gap between the wall of the plow and the joints of the plowshare shall not exceed 1.5mm, the wall of the plow shall not be higher than the plowshare, the three pivots of the plow body, the three gaps in accordance with the requirements of the vertical gap of 10-12mm, the horizontal gap of 5-10mm; the tip of each plow body is in the same straight line: the installation and adjustment of the traction or suspension device is correct, the walking mechanism, the hydraulic lifting and lowering mechanism, the depth and the level of the adjustment mechanism The work is sensitive and reliable, and the traction line is correctly adjusted. 

　　Choose suitable plowing methods and walking routes, and make good adjustments to the level of opening and closing moisture; no backward movement is allowed in the operation, and if it is necessary to back up for a short distance, it should be backed up slowly, and it is forbidden to sit on the plough frame, and it is forbidden to cross the vicinity of the unit in the course of traveling; when turning at the head of the ground, the plough should be started when the first share passes the head of the ground's starting and landing lines, and then turn around at a low speed after the plough is fully lifted up; the unit should move slowly when transferring the plots of land, and the suspension ploughs and the towing ploughs should be raised to the highest position to lock and tighten the tractor. Rise to the highest position to lock and tighten the limiting chain, the traction plow should be fixed after the rise of the elevation handle, long-distance transfer to unload the plow shovel and grab the floor. Adjust in time according to the requirement of operation quality during the work. 

　　Quality requirements of plowing operation: open moisture straight, no more than two small bends per 1000m, curvature ≤ ± 10cm; the surface of the ground is flat and loose after plowing; the plowing depth meets the agronomic requirements, and the depth is the same; turn over the district and cover well; no heavy plowing, no leakage of plowing; and plowing to the head, plowing to the edge. 

　　Second, the operation of land preparation 

　　Harrow diameter wear shall not be less than 80% of the original diameter, edge thickness shall not exceed 1mm, defects do not exceed the limit: scraping plate effective, and rake gap meets the requirements; rake group rake installed correctly, fastened reliably, rake spacing is equal, before and after the rake group rake mutual staggered, notch rake adjacent rake notch staggered; rake group bearings are in good condition, the bearing clearance in line with the requirements (not more than 3mm wooden tile, rolling bearing); haulage (not more than 1mm, rolling bearings); traction or suspension devices, angle adjustment mechanism work sensitively and reliably. 

　　Choose the appropriate method of land preparation, walking line, traction line adjustment is correct, the offset rake (24 pieces of notched heavy rake) offset traction adjustment is correct; according to the quality of operation increase or decrease counterweight, adjust the rake group deviation angle, choose the appropriate rake depth, to ensure that the performance of soil crushing. Hauling rake operation, not allowed to turn sharply, backward, hanging rake must be lifted before turning or backward. 

　　Quality requirements for land preparation: harrowing depth in accordance with the agronomic requirements, the same depth (and the specified error ≤ ± 10%); the ground surface is smooth; after harrowing the soil is loose and crumbly, broken soil uniformity, the size of the soil block in line with the requirements of the agronomic requirements, the ground surface is no obvious weeds, stubble, fertilizers: do not re-harrowing, no leakage of harrowing, raking to the head, harrowing to the edge of the corner of the ground leakage of harrowing at the corner of the ≤ 2m ², the intersecting rows of re-harrowing ≤ ± 10% of the harrowing width, the intersecting harrow walking line is correct, not less than 1000m long field, not less than 2 m². The 1000m long field shall not be less than 7 diagonal lines, and the closing shall be one week around the field. 

Seeding operation 

　　Seed discharge device seeding groove wheel in line with technical requirements, if there is a defect shall not affect the uniformity of seed discharge, the groove wheel working length is consistent, each row of seed tongue opening degree is appropriate (sowing wheat for the medium degree of opening), consistent, easy to adjust the non-blocking card; precision sowing machine row of seed gap adjustment is consistent. Seed fertilizer with the application of seeding machine, fertilizer discharge device work reliably, uniform discharge of fertilizer, easy to adjust, the single mouth of the amount of fertilizer adjusted appropriately and consistently. Double disc type furrow opener rotates flexibly, the distance between the two discs at the intersection is not more than 2mm, hand pinch the widest part of the two discs, the gap is not more than 4mm, the thickness of the disc edge is not more than 0.5mm, the defect does not exceed the limit; furrow opener seed guide plate is installed in the correct position, and the gap between the discs is 1~2mm, the front and rear columns of the openers should be staggered each other, spacing is even, the other type of furrow opener, its installation, adjustment, the furrow edge thickness should comply with the technical requirements. Other types of openers, their installation, adjustment and thickness of the edge of the openers should be in accordance with the technical requirements. The traction or suspension device, walking device, transmission mechanism, lifting mechanism and sowing depth adjustment mechanism, sowing volume adjustment mechanism, mulching and suppression device are installed and adjusted correctly, and work sensitively and reliably. 

　　Before operation, according to different sowing periods, test and adjust the single-port displacement, sowing volume and fertilizer volume until it meets the agronomic requirements. In the operation, choose the appropriate sowing method, determine the position of the ground head line, choose the appropriate sowing depth, adhere to the speed limit of sowing, prohibit high-speed sowing, timely covering, suppression. Operation is not allowed to back up, turn, try to avoid parking, if for some reason parking after re-work, should be in the furrow opener before about 50cm spread some seed; ground head turn, timely lifting of the furrow opener, rowing machine, to be completely out of the furrow opener after the turn at low speeds; replacement of varieties must be thoroughly cleaned up the seed box and the seed discharge device. The work should be checked and adjusted in a timely manner according to the quality requirements of the operation. Sowing operation quality requirements: timely sowing, accurate sowing, in line with the agronomic requirements, seed crushing rate ≯ 1%, single mouth discharge error ≯ ± 2%, mu sowing error ≯ ± 3% (hole sowing each hole under the amount of seed 2 ~ 4 grains, the average number of seeds per hole ≮ 80%, the hole spacing error ≯ ± 5cm); sowing depth in line with the requirements of the agronomic, the consistency of the depth of sowing error ≯ ± 0.5cm; seeding is uniform, no broken ridges, cover tightly; Sowing line straight, curvature within 50m ≤ 10cm, row spacing is consistent, row spacing error within the broadcast width ≯ ± 1cm, the unit back and forth to meet the row error ≯ ± 5cm; the head of the ground starting and finishing line neatly, sown to the head, sown to the side, no reseeding, no leakage of the sowing; applying fertilizer uniformly, the application meets the requirements of agronomy, and shall not produce fertilizer damage to the seeds. 

　　Fourth, furrowing operation 

　　Disc furrowing plow blade number, specifications and installation in accordance with the requirements of the double disc type furrowing machine teeth edge thickness shall not exceed 0.5mm, spade plow edge thickness shall not exceed 1mm. length of the drive shaft in line with the requirements to prevent collision when lifting the machinery or disjointed; axial clearance and radial clearance in line with the requirements of the suspension mechanism, the transmission agency to install and adjust the correct connection is reliable; throw the soil performance is good. 

　　Choose the appropriate operating speed, furrowing depth; do put sample furrowing: operation in time to adjust the traveling route, to ensure that the furrowing straight: ground turning should be raised furrowing machine. 

　　Field ditching operation quality requirements: ditching straight, no more than two small bends per 1000m, curvature ≤ ± 10cm; ditch type is good, ditch depth, ditch width in line with the agronomic requirements of the ditch wall neat and smooth, ditch depth is consistent, no accumulation of soil at the bottom of the ditch, ditch and ditch, smooth drainage; border width in line with the requirements of the agronomy, and the width of the same; casting the soil block uniformly, the size of soil blocks in line with the requirements of the agronomy.

V. Harvesting operation 

　　The cutting blade of the cutter is sharp, the defects are not over the limit, and the centering, alignment and clearance are correctly adjusted. The position of pivoting wheel and tilting angle of popping teeth are correctly adjusted. The gap between the flick teeth and the cutter, and the gap between the teeth and the agitator are adjusted in accordance with the requirements; the spiral agitator is installed and adjusted correctly; the conveying device of the vertical cutting platform is intact and reliable. The drum of threshing device rotates flexibly, and the clearance with both sides of the wall is consistent and in accordance with the regulations, and the ribs and nail teeth are installed and adjusted appropriately, and the threshing gap is adjusted correctly; the drum speed and threshing gap of axial-flow drum-type harvester are correct. The separation device is correctly adjusted; the upper, lower and tail sieve of the cleaning device is correctly adjusted in terms of opening and tilting angle, and the fan is conveniently adjusted; the grain tanks, churns and safety clutches are reliable and effective; the stepless speed changer is reliable; all the transmissions are in good condition, and the axial and radial gaps are in accordance with the requirements, and the degree of tension is appropriate. 

　　When the operation first cut out the ground turning area, choose the appropriate walking route, to prevent the cutting platform transmission device and the ditch wall touching and deformation, damage to the use of large throttle operation; for the morning, noon and night temperature, humidity and different varieties of different parts of the adjustment according to the growth of the crop and the maturity of the different, adjust the position of the paddle wheel and the inclination of the bullet teeth; according to the changes in the amount of feeding, adjusting the spiral pusher, the bridge and other places of the clearance As well as the threshing clearance and drum speed of threshing device, choose the walking speed; according to the cleanliness, brokenness and loss rate of grain, adjust the threshing clearance and drum speed as well as the opening degree and inclination of cleaning sieve, and the fan wind volume and direction in time; when turning at the head of the ground, the cutting platform should be raised; when changing the harvesting varieties, it is necessary to clean the harvester thoroughly. 

　　Harvesting operation quality requirements: timely harvesting, harvesting period and stubble height in line with the agronomic provisions; harvesting mechanical part of the total loss rate: wheat ≤ 1.5%, rice ≤ 3%; different varieties, different harvesting time when harvesting, the broken rate: wheat ≤ 1.5%, rice ≤ 3%; cleanliness (excluding backpacking): wheat ≥ 95%, rice ≥ 93%, and other crops ≥ 98%; do not miss the cut, do not leakage Grain; stalks are chopped and thrown evenly. Rice large area commercial grain harvesting, should promote the use of axial drum harvester, seed harvesting should use half-feed harvester, axial drum harvester or New Holland and other advanced harvesting machinery. 

　　Sixth, plant protection operation 

　　There should be no leakage in the medicine box, pipeline and all interfaces of the plant protection operation machinery; the working pressure is not allowed to exceed the specified value; the pressure in the medicine box should be eliminated before dismantling the joints and nozzles: it is not allowed to illuminate the medicine box and the medicine solution with open fire for the night operation. 

　　The operators must be familiar with the performance of the chemicals and the anti-poisoning measures in the use and storage, as well as the on-site rescue methods for poisoning; the personnel who have not healed from the wounds, breastfeeding women, pregnant women, and others who are not suitable to participate in the plant protection operation are not allowed to take part in the operation. Operators must wear protective equipments and have necessary first-aid drugs and water in the operation area. 

　　Dispensers should master the performance of the agent, the dosage of the agent in line with the different crops, different growing periods and different treatments of the preparation of standards; the application of clean water according to the prescribed methods and procedures for the preparation of pesticides, now dispensed, in order to ensure the quality of the agent. Applicators should adjust the droplet size and spray volume at any time in accordance with the agronomic requirements to ensure that the spray volume is accurate, uniform spraying (powder must not be agglomerated, the agent must be in the form of a mist), no leakage of spraying and post-drop phenomenon; back and forth convergence is accurate. When the machinery is operating, it should operate against the wind; when the manpower is operating, the operator should stand on the wind; it is not allowed to operate for a long time under high temperature; when operating, it is not allowed to drink, eat and drink, smoke, and the exposed part of the human body should be avoided to be in direct contact with the chemical. 

　　After operation, hands, feet, face, nose and mouth must be washed clean, shoes, hats, gloves, masks, overalls, etc., are not allowed to be brought into the residence without cleaning. Mixing and potion filling locations, such as powder, liquid spilled on the ground, should be thoroughly removed or buried with soil. After the end of the operation, should choose the appropriate place to clean the machinery, to prevent contamination of water sources; has been held over the pharmaceutical appliances and packaging, to be properly disposed of, are not allowed to throw, and is strictly prohibited for holding agricultural products as well as other food products.